Relationship between obesity and depression in the adult population: systematic review of the literature

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity and depression are among the main public health problems, and several studies demonstrate an association between the two, with a negative impact on prognosis, therapeutic adherence, and morbidity.

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between obesity and depression in the adult population.

Material and Methods: Systematic review conducted according to PRISMA recommendations, with searches in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Nine original studies published between 2014 and 2024 that analyzed the relationship between obesity and depression in individuals aged ≥18 years were included.

Results: Most studies identified a higher risk of depression in individuals with obesity. Others showed that depression can increase the likelihood of developing obesity, and one study pointed to a bidirectional relationship between the two. Regarding differences by sex, several studies demonstrated statistically significant associations, highlighting a higher prevalence of depression in women with obesity, a stronger association between Body Mass Index and depressive symptoms in women, and a greater impact of weight perception on women's mental health.

Conclusions: This review highlights a significant relationship between obesity and depression, suggesting a complex interaction between the two conditions. These results reinforce the importance of integrated and continuous clinical follow-up, aiming for a more effective therapeutic approach focused on the individual's overall well-being.